La Bioseguridad en los Servicios de Estomatología. Una Revisión Sistemática / Biosecurity in Stomatology Services, A Systematic Review

La odontología frente al virus SARS-CoV-2 ha sido calificada como la práctica que conlleva más riesgo comparado a otras profesiones en el ámbito de la salud, sobre todo porque el campo de trabajo es la cavidad oral, exponiéndose a diferentes agentes patógenos que podrían poner en riesgo la vida de los odontólogos, y ante el COVID-19 se expone esta preocupante realidad, por lo que a nivel internacional y local se han restructurado los protocolos de atención odontológica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue para concientizar la necesidad de prevenir la morbimortalidad por las infecciones cruzadas, mediante un espacio seguro, con la aplicación estricta de la bioseguridad para todos los que participan en la consulta estomatológica. La presente revisión ha encontrado coincidencias de criterios, así como, recomendaciones universales en la prevención de las infecciones cruzadas y manejo de la seguridad ante el riesgo de contagio.

Dentistry against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been classified as the practice that carries more risk compared to other professions in the field of health, especially since the field of work is the oral cavity, exposing itself to different pathogens that could putting the lives of dentists at risk, and in the face of COVID-19 this worrying reality is exposed, so at the international and local level dental care protocols have been restructured. The objective of this study is to raise awareness of the need to prevent morbidity and mortality due to cross infections, through a safe space, with the strict application of biosafety for all those who participate in the stomatological consultation. The present review has found coincidences of criteria, as well as universal recommendations in the prevention of cross infections and management of safety in the face of the risk of contagion.

Evaluation of an integrated teaching model of oral preclinical practice based on endodontic-restorative sequential treatment / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Evaluate the effect of an integrated teaching model of oral preclinical practice based on endodontic-restorative sequential treatment to provide a reference for the exploration of the teaching mode of the stomatology specialty. @* Methods @#This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The study was divided into 2 groups. There were 450 2018-grade and 2019-grade students in the discipline integration teaching method (DIT) group, and a preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments were integrated into an endodontic-restorative sequential treatment) using the DIT method was applied. There were 443 2016-grade and 2017-grade students in the traditional teaching method (TT) group, and a TT preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments training courses were taught separately) was applied. Both groups were taught by the same two teachers. The scores of clinical skills examination and treatment planning were compared between the two groups. In addition, students in the two groups were asked to complete the questionnaires about the teaching methods, and students in Group DIT and their teachers were asked to complete the questionnaires on their degree of satisfaction with the DIT method in the preclinical course. @*Results @# Students in the DIT group had an average score of 90.2 ± 4.16 in the practical skill evaluation, which was higher than that of the TT group (86.3±3.57) (P = 0.001). In the case analysis, 91.8% (413/450) of the students in the DIT group successfully planned the treatment, compared to a significantly lower rate in the TT group of 74.7% (331/443) (P = 0.001). The questionnaire results showed that recognition degrees of cultivated clinical thinking, improved indication analysis ability, improved operational skills, stimulated enthusiasm for learning, and improved autonomous learning were higher in the DIT group than in the TT group, and both teachers (2/2) and 98.4% (443/450) of students recognized the DIT method. @*Conclusions@#The DIT method significantly improved students’ learning quality and ability, proved effective in the endodontic-restorative sequential treatment practice course and was more acceptable to teachers and students. The DIT method is more effective than the TT method in improving students’ clinical thinking and operation ability.

Displasia dentinária tipo i: relato de caso / Dentin dysplasia type i: case report / Displasia dentinaria tipo i: informe de un caso

A displasia dentinária tipo I é um distúrbio hereditário autossômico dominante raro, associada a uma malformação da dentina radicular, que pode causar a perda espontânea dos dentes. Clinicamente, os dentes apresentam aspectos de normalidade, no entanto, radiograficamente, podem ser observadas raízes curtas e mal formadas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar o diagnóstico de uma paciente portadora de displasia dentinária tipo I. Paciente, M.G.S, sexo feminino, 34 anos, compareceu a Clínica Odontológica da UFC ­ Sobral com intuito de fazer uma nova prótese parcial removível. Ao realizar o exame clínico, contatou-se que a paciente apresentava uma boa higiene oral, porém observou-se mobilidade e dor nos dentes 12, 13, 23, 32 e 33, além do relato de perda precoce de outros elementos dentários devido a mobilidade. Foram realizadas radiografias periapicais, onde foi observado pela primeira vez o aspecto encurtado de todas as raízes dentárias. O encurtamento das raízes foi novamente observado na radiografia panorâmica e na tomografia computadorizada solicitadas a paciente. Após o estudo do caso, a paciente foi diagnosticada com Displasia Dentinária tipo I. A paciente foi reabilitada com prótese protocolo superior e inferior. Conclui-se que a Displasia Dentinária tipo I é uma condição rara e que afeta a dentina radicular de dentes decíduos e permanentes. O tratamento da DDI é difícil e requer abordagem multidisciplinar, devendo devolver a autoestima, além de favorecer a função mastigatória e a estética.

Dentin dysplasia dentin type I is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder associated with a root dentin malformation that can cause spontaneous tooth loss. Clinically, the teeth present normal aspects; however, radiographically, short and malformed roots can be observed. The aim of this paper was to report the diagnosis of a patient with dentin dysplasia type I. Patient, M.G.S, female, 34 years, attended the Dental Clinic of UFC - Sobral in order to make a new partial denture. During clinical examination it was found that the patient had good oral hygiene, but there was mobility and pain in teeth 12, 13, 23, 32 and 33, besides the report of early loss of other teeth due to mobility. Periapical radiographs were taken, where the shortened appearance of all dental roots was first observed. The shortening of the roots was again observed in the panoramic radiograph and CT scan requested from the patient. After the case study, the patient was diagnosed with Dentin Dysplasia type I. The patient was rehabilitated with upper and lower protocol prosthesis. It is concluded that Dentin Dysplasia type I is a rare condition and affects the root dentin of deciduous and permanent teeth. The treatment of DDI is difficult and requires a multidisciplinary approach, and should restore self-esteem, in addition to favoring masticatory function and aesthetics.

La displasia dentinaria tipo I es un trastorno hereditario autosómico dominante poco frecuente asociado a una malformación de la dentina radicular que puede causar la pérdida espontánea de dientes. Clínicamente, los dientes presentan aspectos normales; sin embargo, radiográficamente pueden observarse raíces cortas y malformadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue informar sobre el diagnóstico de un paciente con displasia dentinaria tipo I. Paciente, M.G.S, sexo femenino, 34 años, acudió a la Clínica Odontológica de UFC - Sobral con el objetivo de realizar una nueva prótesis parcial removible. En el examen clínico, se constató que la paciente tenía buena higiene bucal, pero se observó movilidad y dolor en los dientes 12, 13, 23, 32 y 33, y el informe de pérdida precoz de otros elementos dentales debido a la movilidad. Se tomaron radiografías periapicales y por primera vez se observó el aspecto acortado de todas las raíces dentales. El acortamiento de las raíces se observó de nuevo en la radiografía panorámica y el TAC solicitados a la paciente. Tras el estudio del caso, la paciente fue diagnosticada de displasia dentinaria tipo I. La paciente fue rehabilitada con prótesis de protocolo superior e inferior. Se concluye que la Displasia Dentinaria tipo I es una enfermedad rara y afecta a la dentina radicular de los dientes deciduos y permanentes. El tratamiento de la DDI es difícil y requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar, debiendo restaurar la autoestima, además de favorecer la función masticatoria y la estética.

Calidad de la prueba parcial de un curso propio sobre diátesis hemorrágicas en la carrera Estomatología

Introducción: Dentro de los grandes desafíos que la formación universitaria en el sector salud enfrenta hoy, está el implementar y validar instrumentos de evaluación efectivos. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la prueba parcial del curso propio Bases morfofuncionales de las principales diátesis hemorrágicas en Estomatología, de la Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, curso 2022. Método: Estudio observacional analítico y transversal, en 30 exámenes correspondientes a la prueba parcial del curso propio Bases morfofuncionales de las principales diátesis hemorrágicas en Estomatología, plan de estudio E, carrera de Estomatología, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, curso 2022. Se analizó la correspondencia del fondo de tiempo y la cantidad de ítems explorados en el examen, se calcularon índices de dificultad y de discriminación de incisos y preguntas, coeficiente de discriminación biserial puntual y de consistencia interna. Resultados: Existió correspondencia adecuada entre el fondo de tiempo asignado a los contenidos de las temáticas y la cantidad de ítems explorados en el examen. Predominaron los reactivos con índice de dificultad media y buen poder de discriminación. La consistencia interna de las preguntas de modo individual fue excelente, pero la del examen en general fue baja. Conclusiones: La calidad del examen parcial del curso propio Bases morfofuncionales de las principales diátesis hemorrágicas en Estomatología, aplicado en la Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, curso 2022, fue poco adecuada.

Introduction: One of the challenges facing universities of health sciences today is the implementation and validation of effective tools for evaluation. Objective: To evaluate the quality of the partial exams of an in-house course in Morphofunctional bases of the most common hemorrhagic diathesis in Stomatology, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, course 2022. Method: An analytical and transversal observational study was carried out. For the study, it was selected 30 of the partial exams implemented in the in-house Morphofunctional bases of the most common hemorrhagic diathesis in Stomatology course, type (E) course syllabus, Stomatology career, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, course 2022. Correspondence between scheduled time and the number of items used in the test was assessed, and also, difficulty index and discrimination index for items and questions, point-biserial item discrimination coefficient and internal consistency coefficient were calculated. Results: There was an adequate correspondence between the time scheduled for the topics and the number of items used in the exam. Items with a moderate difficulty index and high degree of discrimination index predominated. The internal consistency of the individual questions was excellent, but the exam in general was low. Conclusions: The quality of the partial exam of the in-house course Morphofunctional bases of the main hemorrhagic diathesis treated in Stomatology, giving in the Faculty of Stomatology, University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba, course 2022, was inadequate.

Introdução: Entre os grandes desafios que a educação universitária na área da saúde enfrenta hoje, está a implementação e validação de instrumentos de avaliação eficazes. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do teste parcial do curso Bases morfofuncionais da diátese hemorrágica principal em Estomatologia, da Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, curso 2022. Método: Estudo observacional analítico e transversal, em 30 exames correspondentes à prova parcial do próprio curso Bases morfofuncionais da diátese hemorrágica principal em Estomatologia, plano de estudos E, carreira de Estomatologia de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, curso 2022. A correspondência do analisou-se o fundo de tempo e o número de itens explorados no exame, calcularam-se índices de dificuldade e discriminação de subseções e questões, coeficiente de discriminação bisserial pontual e consistência interna. Resultados: Houve correspondência adequada entre o tempo destinado aos conteúdos dos temas e o número de itens explorados no exame. Predominaram os itens com índice de dificuldade médio e bom poder de discriminação. A consistência interna das questões individuais foi excelente, mas a do exame como um todo foi baixa. Conclusões: A qualidade do exame parcial das Bases Morfofuncionais da diátese hemorrágica principal do curso de Estomatologia, aplicado na Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, curso 2022, não foi adequada.

Effect of oral skill competition on the practice teaching quality of stomatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With reference to the experience of School of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, in participating in oral skill competitions, this article analyzes and summarizes the teaching issues reflected in skill competitions and refines the teaching strategies of consolidating theoretical foundation and cultivating clinical thinking as the basis, implementing the sterile concept and maintaining standard body position and posture as the key, and standardizing operating standards and strengthening hand skills as the important points. Participating in skill competitions can help to improve the emphasis on practical skill teaching of stomatology among students and establish innovative teaching models. Meanwhile, humanistic quality education is taken seriously to improve the comprehensive qualities of students through multiple channels.

Application of debate-based immersive experiential teaching in the nursing practice teaching of stomatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of debate-based immersive experiential teaching in the nursing practice teaching of stomatology.Methods:A total of 82 nursing interns of stomatology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, were selected as research subjects and were then divided into control group and observation group using the lottery method, with 41 interns in each group. The interns in the control group received traditional teaching, while those in the observation group received debate-based immersive experiential teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of the scores of comprehensive evaluation indices, nursing thinking ability, empathy ability, and recognition of teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significant increases in the scores of theoretical examination, operation examination, nursing medical record writing, reading report writing, basic nursing, communication ability, and comprehensive performance and the total score of these dimensions ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group also had significant increases in the scores of nursing thinking ability and empathy ability ( P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher degree of recognition of teaching than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the nursing practice teaching of stomatology, debate-based immersive experiential teaching can improve the comprehensive ability, nursing thinking ability, and empathy ability of interns, with a relatively high degree of recognition of teaching.

An empirical research on the enrollment quality of master of stomatology professional degree graduate students—Based on the statistical data of the comprehensive evaluation of professional degree graduate students by the guiding physicians / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:Based on the statistical data of the comprehensive evaluation of professional degree graduate students by the guiding physicians, to conduct an empirical study on the quality of the enrollment of master of stomatology professional degree graduate students.Methods:A total of 67 master of stomatology professional degree graduate students from Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University were comprehensively evaluated by their guiding physicians when they went out the department. SPSS 25.0 software was used for t test and variance analysis. Results:The average score of 67 students was (91.39±3.55) points. There was good reliability and validity for the comprehensive evaluation index. Among the methods of promotion and exemption, unified examination, 7-year transfer to "5 + 3" of our school and enrollment of students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, the comprehensive evaluation total score of 7-year transfer to "5 + 3" of our school was the highest. The comprehensive evaluation results of the students with high initial scores were slightly higher than those students with low scores. The students who studied in the "Double First-class" universities and were with the fourth round of subject assessment grade A and grade B had better performances.Conclusion:We should attach importance to enrollment quality, through various channels to attract quality students and actively explore ways to improve the quality of graduate students. Meanwhile, we should make efforts to strengthen training quality and to build scientific comprehensive evaluation system for specialized degree graduate students. The connotation of "medicine-education collaboration" will be further deepened. And the training and development of oral medicine applied high-level medical talents will be promoted.

Investigation on the application of teaching technology of virtual simulation in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the current situation of using virtual simulation technology in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China, analyze the problems and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions. @*Methods@# A questionnaire survey was conducted among 672 teachers and 3 849 students in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China. @*Results @#25.81% of all participants had took part in dental virtual simulation courses, and 37.80% of the participants from “Double First-Class” universities had participated in dental virtual simulation courses. 92.12% of the virtual simulation courses were established for undergraduates. "Traditional course + virtual simulation model demonstration" is the main teaching form of virtual simulation courses. Most of the participants were satisfied with the virtual simulation courses offered by their schools. At present, there are also some deficiencies in the virtual simulation courses, such as lack of teaching resources, insufficient interaction and simulation.@*Conclusion@#There is difference in the application of virtual simulation technology in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China. The virtual simulation technology is more widely used in "Double First-Class" universities than in ordinary universities. Undergraduates are the main teaching objects of virtual simulation courses. Stomatological schools in China should pay attention to the development and utilization of virtual simulation curriculum resources by cooperation, enrich the form of virtual simulation courses and strengthen the promotion and application of virtual simulation technology in stomatological education.

Combinación de las modalidades a distancia y presencial en la enseñanza a estudiantes extranjeros de Estomatología durante el rebrote de la COVID-19 / Combination of the distance and presence modalities in the teaching of foreign students of Stomatology during the outbreak of COVID-19 i:en

A partir de las orientaciones metodológicas para la continuidad del curso escolar 2020-2021 en pregrado, durante el rebrote de la COVID-19, en la Facultad de Estomatología de Santiago de Cuba se diseñaron estrategias con vistas a implementar la modalidad presencial para estudiantes extranjeros, específicamente en las asignaturas correspondientes al primer semestre, donde fue posible combinar la educación en el trabajo y el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, según año académico y plan de estudio. El sistema de habilidades propuesto permitió concluir los temas pendientes y constituyó un reto en situaciones de contingencia.

Taking the methodological orientations for the continuity of the school course 2020-2021 in pre-degree as a starting point, during the outbreak of the COVID-19, in the Stomatology Faculty of Santiago de Cuba strategies were designed aimed at implementing the presence modality for foreign students, specifically in the subjects corresponding to the first semester, where it was possible to combine the education at work and the use of the communication and information technologies, according to academic year and study plan. The proposed system of skills allowed to conclude the unfinished topics and constituted a challenge in contingency situations.

Fundamentos teóricos de una estrategia didáctica interdisciplinaria entre la Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas estomatológicas en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba / Theoretical foundations of an interdisciplinary didactic strategy between Pharmacology and stomatological clinical subjects in a Cuban medical university

El desarrollo de la interdisciplinariedad, a través del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje enmarcado en el trabajo conjunto de la unidad curricular de Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora de la carrera de Estomatología, resulta esencial para la sistematización de los contenidos de Farmacología y el desarrollo de habilidades teórico-prácticas en la prescripción racional de medicamentos de uso estomatológico por parte de estudiantes. En el presente ensayo se exponen los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan la estrategia didáctica diseñada para lograr lo antes expuesto. El análisis de los referentes teóricos existentes permitió precisar fundamentos filosóficos, sociológicos, psicológicos, pedagógicos, didácticos y de la educación médica cubana. Finalmente, se consideró que dichos fundamentos permitieron otorgar a la estrategia didáctica diseñada la estructura y coherencia necesarias y el carácter científico, con lo cual se contribuye a la formación integral de los estudiantes y, por consiguiente, al futuro egresado de la carrera de Estomatología.

The development of interdisciplinarity through the teaching-learning process between the Pharmacology curricular unit and the clinical subjects of the Main Integrative Discipline in the Stomatology career, is essential for the systematization of the essential contents of Pharmacology and to develop theoretical skills in the students' practices for the rational prescription of drugs for stomatological use. In this essay, the theoretical foundations that support a designed didactic strategy to achieve the above are exposed. The analysis of the existing theoretical references allowed to specify the philosophical, sociological, psychological, pedagogical, didactic and of Cuban Medical Education foundations. Finally, it was considered that these foundations allowed to give the designed didactic strategy the necessary structure and coherence and scientific character, thereby contributing to the comprehensive training of students and, consequently, of future graduates of the Stomatology career.

Evaluación de la calidad del Servicio de Estomatología General Integral. Policlínico Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus / Assessment of the comprehensive General Stomatology quality service. Camilo Cienfuegos Polyclinic of Sancti Spiritus

RESUMEN Fundamento: La calidad de la atención estomatológica se ha convertido actualmente en una necesidad. En Cuba, el Programa Nacional de Atención Estomatológica Integral a la Población tiene como propósito incrementar y perfeccionar la atención estomatológica. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad del Servicio de Estomatología General Integral del policlínico Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal en el Policlínico Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus en el período comprendido de septiembre de 2019 a enero de 2020. Se seleccionaron 19 estomatólogos de la unidad y 368 pacientes pertenecientes a los consultorios 8 y 9 del área de salud que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizó la calidad como variable, la cual se operacionalizó en las dimensiones: estructura, proceso y resultados y sus criterios de medida. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos y técnicas de recolección y análisis de datos. Se realizaron encuestas de satisfacción a pacientes y profesionales. Resultados: Las dimensiones estructura y proceso, con 20 y 10 puntos respectivamente, fueron evaluadas de regular, la dimensión resultado de bien por un valor alcanzado de 8 puntos. Conclusión: La calidad del Servicio de Estomatología General Integral del policlínico Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus fue evaluada de regular.

ABSTRACT Background: Dental care quality has become a necessity. In Cuba, the National Program for the People´s Comprehensive Stomatology Care aims to increase and improve dental care. Objective: To assess the Comprehensive General Stomatology quality service at Camilo Cienfuegos polyclinic in Sancti Spíritus. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational research was conducted at Camilo Cienfuegos Polyclinic in Sancti Spíritus from September 2019 to January 2020. 19 stomatologists from the unit and 368 patients belonging to clinics 8 and 9 of the area were selected who met the inclusion criteria. Quality was used as a variable, and operationalized in the dimensions: structure, process and results and their measurement criteria. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods and data collection also analysis techniques were used. Satisfaction surveys were conducted on patients and professionals. Results: Structure and process dimensions, with 20 and 10 points respectively, were evaluated as regular, the result dimension as good for an 8-point value. Conclusion: Comprehensive General Stomatology quality service at Camilo Cienfuegos polyclinic in Sancti Spíritus was evaluated as regular.

Evaluación de la habilidad diagnóstico precoz del cáncer bucal al estudiante de Estomatología / Evaluation of early oral cancer diagnosis skill in the students of Stomatology / Avaliação das habilidades de diagnóstico precoce do câncer oral de estudantes de Estomatologia

RESUMEN Introducción: En el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los estudiantes de Estomatología se hace necesario constatar el dominio de los conocimientos, acciones, operaciones y actitudes para la prevención del cáncer bucal. Objetivo: Confeccionar un instrumento metodológico que permita la evaluación del desarrollo de la habilidad de diagnóstico precoz del cáncer bucal a los estudiantes de quinto año de Estomatología. Método: Se realizó una investigación educativa, descriptiva con enfoque mixto, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo. El universo lo constituyeron los estudiantes y docentes de quinto año de Estomatología, de ellos se escogió una muestra probabilística de 95 estudiantes y 20 profesores. Para la recogida de la información fueron utilizados métodos del nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y del nivel empírico: el análisis documental y el criterio de especialistas para validar la propuesta. Resultados: El instrumento mostró un diseño claro y flexible para la evaluación del desarrollo de la habilidad de diagnóstico precoz del cáncer bucal al estudiante de quinto año de Estomatología. Los especialistas en su totalidad consideraron que el mismo es pertinente, útil y factible. Conclusiones: El instrumento permitirá evaluar al estudiante de quinto año de Estomatología la habilidad adquirida para el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer bucal, considerándose un aporte para elevar la calidad del proceso de formación, y garantizar que una vez egresados cumplan con su encargo social según los objetivos del Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer Bucal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the teaching-learning process for the students of Stomatology, it is necessary to verify the mastery of knowledge, actions, operations and attitudes for the prevention of oral cancer. Objective: Performing a methodological instrument that allows the evaluation of the development of the skill of early diagnosis of oral cancer in fifth year Stomatology students. Method: An educational, descriptive research with a mixed approach was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences in Guantánamo. The universe was constituted by the teachers and students of the fifth year of stomatology, from which a probability sample of 95 students and 20 teachers was chosen. For gathering the information some theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive, whereas empirical methods were also used: documentary analysis and the criteria of specialists to validate the proposal. Results: This methodological instrument showed a clear and flexible design for the evaluation of the development of the skill of early diagnosis of oral cancer in fifth year Stomatology students. Specialists as a whole considered it to be relevant, useful and feasible. Conclusions: The proposal will allow to evaluate the acquired ability of the fifth year Stomatology students for the early diagnosis of oral cancer, being considered a contribution for increasing the quality of the training process, and to guarantee that once they graduated they fulfill their social task according to the objectives of the Program for the Early Detection of Oral Cancer.

RESUMO Introdução: No processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes de estomatologia, é necessário verificar o domínio dos conhecimentos, ações, operações e atitudes para a prevenção do câncer oral. Objetivo: Desenvolver um instrumento metodológico para avaliar o desenvolvimento da capacidade de diagnóstico precoce do câncer oral em estudantes de odontologia do quinto ano. Método: Uma pesquisa educacional descritiva com uma abordagem mista foi realizada na Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Guantánamo. O universo foi formado por estudantes e professores no quinto ano de Estomatologia, do qual foi escolhida uma amostra de probabilidade de 95 estudantes e 20 professores. Para a coleta de informações, foram utilizados métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análise e síntese, indutivo-dedutivo, e métodos empíricos: análise documental e os critérios de especialistas para validar a proposta. Resultados: O instrumento mostrou um projeto claro e flexível para a avaliação do desenvolvimento da habilidade de diagnóstico precoce do câncer oral em estudantes de odontologia do quinto ano. Os especialistas, como um todo, o consideraram relevante, útil e viável. Conclusões: O instrumento permitirá ao estudante de Estomatologia do quinto ano avaliar as habilidades adquiridas para o diagnóstico precoce do câncer oral, e é considerado uma contribuição para melhorar a qualidade do processo de treinamento e garantir que, uma vez formado, cumpra suas responsabilidades sociais de acordo com os objetivos do Programa de Detecção Precoce do Câncer Oral.

Severe oral mucositis relating to pain and worse oral condition among patients with solid tumors undergoing treatment with FOLFIRI and 5-FU: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is a need for studies that correlate the severity of oral mucositis (OM) with chemotherapy protocols, transient myelosuppression and oral health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the severity of OM among individuals with solid tumors during hospitalization and its correlation with the type of chemotherapy, myelosuppression and oral health condition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at a public hospital in Bauru, state of São Paulo, Brazil, that is a regional referral center. METHODS: Individuals diagnosed with solid malignant tumors who received chemotherapy during hospitalization for completion of the antineoplastic treatment cycle or who presented complications resulting from this were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight individuals (24.3%) manifested some degree of OM. The most prevalent degrees of OM according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and modified WHO classification were grades 2 (11.3%) and 5 (4.3%), respectively. It was observed that the higher the OM-WHO (P < 0.001; r = 0.306) and modified OM-WHO (P < 0.001; r = 0.295) classifications were, the greater the oral pain reported by the individuals was. Presence of mucositis in the upper lip and buccal mucosa contributed to increased severity of OM and worsening of swallowing during hospitalization. Thus, severe OM was associated with use of the FOLFIRI protocol (folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan). CONCLUSION: Individuals with tumors who presented severe OM had greater severity of oral pain and worse oral health. Use of the FOLFIRI protocol was associated with higher prevalence of severe OM, while use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was correlated with worse oral condition.

La adenopatía como clave diagnóstica para la sífilis primaria. Informe de casos / Adenopathy as diagnostic key for primary syphilis. Case reports

Objetivo: Describir tres situaciones clínicas en las que se presentan distintas manifestaciones bucales para una misma entidad patológica. En los tres casos la sospe- cha diagnóstica de sífilis primaria se basó en la presencia de una adenopatía. Los estudios de laboratorio permitieron confirmar el diagnóstico de sífilis. Por su polimorfismo y variabilidad clínica en sus diferentes etapas evolutivas, la sífilis es descripta clásicamente como "la gran simuladora". Este artículo propone que la presencia de adenomegalias características puede ser una clave para orientar el diagnós- tico de la patología, lo cual no ha sido aún reportado en la literatura. Casos clínicos: Se presentan tres casos clínicos de pa- cientes que acudieron a una consulta estomatológica privada y al Servicio de Estomatología del Hospital Alemán de Bue- nos Aires. Los tres acuden con signos y síntomas diferentes, pero compartiendo la presencia de adenopatías múltiples, en las que se destaca un elemento ganglionar más voluminoso (AU)

Aim: To describe three clinical cases that present dif- ferent oral manifestations for the same pathological entity. In all three cases, the suspected diagnosis of primary syph- ilis was based on the presence of an adenopathy. Labora- tory studies confirmed the diagnosis of syphilis. Due to its polymorphism and clinical variability in the different evo- lutionary stages, syphilis is classically described as "the great simulator". This article proposes that the presence of characteristic adenomegalies can be a key to guide the di- agnosis, which has not yet been reported in the literature. Clinical reports: Three clinical cases of patients who attended a private stomatology consultation and the Stoma- tology Service of the Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires are presented. The three patients showed different signs and symptoms but shared the presence of multiple adenopathies with a more voluminous ganglial element (AU)

Estado psicológico del personal estomatológico de la consulta de urgencias durante la COVID-19 / Psychological state of the stomatological staff of the emergency department during COVID-19 / Situação psicológica da equipe estomática da consulta de emergência durante o COVID-19

RESUMEN En los servicios de urgencia estomatológica diariamente acuden pacientes aquejados de diferentes problemas de salud, para lo cual, ante el enfrentamiento a la nueva pandemia se impone la necesidad de estar bien informados sobre la COVID19, de servir como promotores de salud en las comunidades y cumplir con las medidas de protección para evitar el contagio por este virus. El objetivo fue evaluar el estado psicológico del personal estomatológico de la consulta de urgencias de la Clínica Universitaria de Especialidades Estomatológicas "Manuel Cedeño" durante la COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 12 profesionales de la estomatología que labraron en la consulta de urgencias estomatológicas entre los meses de abril y mayo de 2020. Se estudiaron el nivel de estrés, ansiedad y nivel de funcionamiento. Resultó que el 91,66 % de los estudiados presentó un estrés normal; predominó la ansiedad como estado, sobre todo con niveles medio y bajo para el 33,33 % y 25,00 % respectivamente; el 100,0 % presentó un funcionamiento neurótico; no se presentó asociación entre el nivel de funcionamiento y el estrés (p= 0,91) y la ansiedad (p= 0,98). Se concluye que el estado psicológico del personal estomatológico de la consulta de urgencias durante la COVID-19 se caracterizó por un nivel de estrés normal, niveles medio y bajo de estados de ansiedad con un funcionamiento neurótico.

ABSTRACT Patients suffering from different health problems come to the stomatological emergency services daily, for which, in the face of the new pandemic, the need to be well informed about COVID19, to serve as health promoters in the communities and comply with with the protection measures to avoid contagion by this virus. The objective was to evaluate the psychological state of the stomatological staff of the emergency consultation of the "Manuel Cedeño" University Clinic of Stomatological Specialties during COVID-19. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 12 dental professionals who worked in the dental emergency consultation between April and May 2020. The level of stress, anxiety and level of functioning were studied. It turned out that 91.66% of those studied presented normal stress; Anxiety as a state predominated, especially with medium and low levels for 33.33% and 25.00% respectively; 100.0% presented neurotic functioning; there was no association between the level of functioning and stress (p = 0.91) and anxiety (p = 0.98). It is concluded that the psychological state of the stomatological staff of the emergency department during COVID-19 was characterized by a normal stress level, medium and low levels of anxiety states with neurotic functioning.

RESUMO Nos serviços de emergência estomatológica, os pacientes que sofrem de diferentes problemas de saúde vêm diariamente, para os quais, diante da nova pandemia, é imposta a necessidade de estar bem informado sobre o COVID19, para servir como promotores de saúde nas comunidades e cumprir as medidas de proteção para evitar o contágio por esse vírus. O objetivo foi avaliar o estado psicológico da equipe estomática da consulta emergencial da Clínica Universitária de Especialidades Etomatológicas "Manuel Cedeño" durante o COVID-19. Um estudo transversal descritivo foi realizado em 12 profissionais de estomatologia que trabalharam na consulta de emergência estomática entre os meses de abril e maio de 2020.Foram estudados o nível de estresse, ansiedade e nível de funcionamento. Verá-lo que 91,66% dos entrevistados apresentavam estresse normal; a ansiedade predominou como estado, especialmente com níveis médios e baixos para 33,33% e 25,00%, respectivamente; 100,0 % apresentaram funcionamento neurótico; não houve associação entre o nível de funcionamento e o estresse (p = 0,91) e a ansiedade (p = 0,98). Conclui-se que o estado psicológico da equipe estomática da consulta de emergência durante o COVID-19 foi caracterizado por um nível normal de estresse, médio e baixo dos estados de ansiedade com funcionamento neurótico.

Fenômeno de extravasamento de muco: relato de dois casos clínicos / The mucous retention phenomenom: tho clinical cases report

O fenômeno de extravasamento de muco, também referido como mucocele, é uma lesão comum da mucosa oral resultante da ruptura de um ducto da glândula salivar com extravasamento da mucina. O principal fator etiológico é o trauma local. A localização mais comum é o lábio inferior, mas outros locais podem ser afetados. Existe a necessidade de diagnóstico diferencial uma vez que, pelo aspecto clínico e localização, as mucoceles assemelham-se a outras lesões que afetam a boca. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar dois casos clínicos de fenômeno de extravasamento de muco (mucocele), evidenciando suas características clínicas, histopatológicas, tratamento e prognóstico. Acredita-se que o conhecimento das principais características dessa condição patológica possa auxiliar o clínico na adoção dos principais procedimentos na avaliação, conduta e tratamento desses pacientes.

The mucous retention phenomenon, also called as oral mucocele, is a common lesion of the oral mucosa resulting from the rupture of a salivary gland duct. The main etiological factor is local trauma. The most common location is the lower lip, but other locations can be affected. Differential diagnosis is important because mucoceles resemble other oral lesions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to report two cases of mucocele, demonstrating its clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis.. It is believed that knowledge of the main characteristics of this lesions can help the clinician in carrying out the main procedures in the evaluation, conduct and treatment of these patients.

Curso optativo para el trabajo preventivo de los estudiantes de Estomatología desde los medios de comunicación masiva

RESUMEN Introducción: La educación para la salud en la carrera de Estomatología contribuye de manera favorable a la formación profesional del estudiante universitario de Ciencias Médicas, ya que refuerza sus conocimientos sobre salud bucal, los ayuda a comprender la realidad del individuo, la familia, la comunidad y así desarrollar actitudes de comunicación para llegar a los demás, que le permitan alcanzar con ello, las competencias que todo estomatólogo debe tener. Objetivo: Diseñar un curso optativo sobre el trabajo preventivo de los estudiantes de Estomatología desde los medios de comunicación masiva. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, de carácter educativo, entre los meses de enero y julio del año 2021. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos en función de la revisión bibliográfica y documental; se realizó análisis, síntesis y contrastación de criterios a partir de los materiales revisados y los criterios de los autores; y se estimaron aportes de especialistas en Estomatología General Integral y de los medios de comunicación. Resultados: Se diseñó un curso dirigido a estudiantes de Estomatología, integrado por cuatro temas, con un enfoque activo y participativo, a través de diferentes formas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, donde el trabajo con los medios estimuló una actitud reflexiva y crítica en los profesionales de la salud. Discusión: El curso contribuyó a la formación de los estudiantes de Estomatología sobre la prevención de las enfermedades odontológicas y enriqueció la propaganda desde los medios de comunicación para la prevención de la salud bucal, lo que proporcionó un mejor desempeño en la confección de materiales educativos en función de la formación de los recursos humanos en ciencias médicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Health education in the Stomatology career contributes favorably to the professional training of the Medical Sciences university student, since it reinforces their knowledge about oral health, helps them understand the reality of the individual, the family, the community and thus develop communication attitudes to reach others, which allow them to achieve with it, the skills that every stomatologist should have. Objective: To design an elective course on the preventive work of Stomatology students from the mass media. Methods: An educational development research was carried out between the months of January and July of the year 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were used based on the bibliographic and documentary review; An analysis, synthesis and comparison of criteria was carried out based on the reviewed materials and the authors' criteria; and contributions from specialists in Comprehensive General Stomatology and the media were estimated. Results: A course aimed at Stomatology students was suggested, composed of four themes, with an active and participatory approach, through different forms of teaching-learning, where working with the media stimulated a reflective and critical attitude in health professionals. Discussion: The course contributed to the training of Stomatology students on the prevention of dental diseases and enriched the propaganda from the media for the prevention of oral health, which provided a better performance in the preparation of educational materials in function of training human resources in medical sciences.

Correlation between the anatomical morphology of palatal rugae and sex / Correlación entre la morfología anatómica de las rugas palatinas y el sexo

SUMMARY: To investigate the correlation between the anatomical morphology of palatal rugae and sex. The study sample consisted of 120 students studying from Shanxi Medical University, of which 60 were females and 60 were males. The digital model of the palatal rugae was obtained by the 3 Shape TRIOS intraoral scanner. And the shapes of palatal rugae were recorded. Association between palatal rugae shape and sex were tested using Chi-square analysis. And logistic regression analysis (LRA) was carried out to calculate the accuracy of gender prediction using rugae shapes. There was a statistically significant difference between males and females in terms of the distribution of wavy and circular palate rugae. The use of logistic regression analysis obtained a sex predictive value of 65 % when all the rugae shapes were analyzed. Digital images of the palatal rugae morphology contribute to more accurate and convenient for data collection and transformation. It was found that rugae patterns can moderately identify the sex of the specific population when multivariate statistics such as LRA is applied. The palatal rugae morphology can be utilized as an assistant measure for sex identification.

RESUMEN: Investigar la correlación entre la morfología anatómica de las rugas palatinas y el sexo. En la muestra de este estudio se incluyeron 120 estudiantes de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi, (60 mujeres y 60 hombres). El modelo digital de las rugas palatinas se obtuvo mediante escáner intraoral 3 Shape TRIOS, y se registraron las formas de las rugas palatinas. La asociación entre la forma de las rugas palatinas y el sexo se evaluó mediante un análisis de Chi-cuadrado; para calcular la precisión de la predicción de sexo se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión logística (ARL) Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre hombres y mujeres en términos de la distribución de las rugas palatinas onduladas y circulares. El uso de análisis de regresión logística obtuvo un valor predictivo de sexo del 65 % cuando se analizaron todas las formas de las rugas. Las imágenes digitales de la morfología de las rugas palatinas contribuyen a una recopilación de datos más precisa. En este análisis se determinó que los patrones de rugas pueden identificar relativamente el sexo de una población específica, cuando se aplican estadísticas multivariadas como ARL. La morfología de las rugas palatinas se puede utilizar como medida de ayuda para la identificación de sexo.

Valoración de las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre la Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas en Estomatología

RESUMEN Introducción: Establecer relaciones interdisciplinarias entre la Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora en la carrera Estomatología requiere de un trabajo metodológico sistemático y coherente entre estos colectivos docentes, así como la actualización permanente de los profesores. Objetivo: Valorar el estado de las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre la Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora en la carrera de Estomatología. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal entre noviembre y diciembre de 2020 en la Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. El universo estuvo constituido por los profesores responsables de impartir las asignaturas clínicas de la referida disciplina en la citada carrera, seleccionándose una muestra (n=34) por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se analizaron las variables: categoría docente, categoría científica, grado académico/científico, grado de especialización, estado de las relaciones interdisciplinarias con la Farmacología y opinión docente. Se aplicó un cuestionario conformado por diecinueve preguntas y se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Resultados: El estado de las relaciones interdisciplinarias con la Farmacología en las dimensiones didáctica y académica obtuvo una puntuación de 1,9, y en la dimensión metodológica e investigativa obtuvo puntuaciones de 1,5 y 1,1, respectivamente. La proporción esperada de opinión docente desfavorable fue de un 50,0 %. Conclusiones: El estado de las relaciones interdisciplinarias que establecen las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora con la Farmacología de, manera general, resulta no adecuado, con peso causal en las dimensiones metodológica e investigativa.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Establishing interdisciplinary relationships between Pharmacology and the clinical subjects of the Main Integrative Discipline (MID) in the Stomatology major requires a systematic and coherent methodological work between teaching groups and the permanent updating of the teachers. Objective: To assess the state of interdisciplinary relationships between Pharmacology and the clinical subjects of MID in the Stomatology major. Method: An observational, descriptive, cKross-sectional study was carried out between November and December 2020, at the Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. By simple random probability sampling, a sample of 34 professors of the clinical subjects of the MID was selected. The variables analyzed were: state of interdisciplinary relations with Pharmacology, category and teaching opinion. A questionnaire consisting of nineteen questions was applied and the percentage was used as a summary measure. Results: The state of interdisciplinary relations with Pharmacology in the didactic and academic dimensions obtained a score of 1.9, and in the methodological and investigative dimensions it obtained scores of 1.5 and 1.1, respectively. The expected proportion of unfavorable teacher opinion was 50.0%. Conclusions: The state of interdisciplinary relationships established by the clinical subjects of MID with Pharmacology, in general, is not adequate, especially in the methodological and investigative dimensions; which points to the need of designing a strategy to promote such relationships in order to achieve a more comprehensive training in students.

RESUMO Introdução: o estabelecimento de relações interdisciplinares entre a Farmacologia e as disciplinas clínicas da Disciplina Integrativa Principal (DPI) na carreira de Estomatologia requer um trabalho metodológico sistemático e coerente entre estes grupos de ensino e a atualização permanente dos docentes. Objetivo: avaliar o estado das relações interdisciplinares entre a Farmacologia e as disciplinas clínicas do DPI na carreira de Estomatologia. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, realizado entre novembro e dezembro de 2020, na Faculdade de Estomatologia da Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Por amostragem probabilística aleatória simples, foi selecionada uma amostra de 34 professores das disciplinas clínicas do DPI. As variáveis analisadas foram: estado das relações interdisciplinares com a Farmacologia, categoria e opinião docente. Foi aplicado um questionário com dezenove questões e o percentual utilizado como medida resumida. Resultados: o estado das relações interdisciplinares com a Farmacologia nas dimensões didática e acadêmica obteve escore de 1,9, e nas dimensões metodológica e investigativa obteve escores de 1,5 e 1,1, respectivamente. A proporção esperada de opinião desfavorável do professor era de 50,0%. Conclusões: o estado das relações interdisciplinares estabelecidas pelos sujeitos clínicos da DPI com a Farmacologia, em geral, não é adequado, com peso causal nas dimensões metodológica e investigativa; o que aponta para a necessidade de se traçar uma estratégia para promover tais relações, a fim de se conseguir uma formação mais abrangente dos alunos.

Implementation and exploration of dental practice management course in universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the necessity and feasibility of introducing the courses of dental practice management in the undergraduate education of stomatology under the background of the undergraduate entrepreneurship education reform.Methods:In the School of Stomatology of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, the entrepreneurial course dental practice management was set-up for the junior undergraduate students. CBL, PBL, teacher's lecture, student's lecture on the stage and PPT demonstration, role-play, and team cooperation were taken in the course. And the questionnaires were used to investigate the course setting, necessity, teaching forms and satisfaction from multiple groups. SPSS was performed for data analysis, and the teaching effect was evaluated through the data results.Results:The scores of 108 students in the study [(75.99±5.76) points] were roughly distributed as normal functions. The results of the survey showed that the number of students who planned to have their own private clinics after the course increased by 41 (37.96%) compared with that before the course. All instructors and 33 (78.57%) active dentists thought that the course was reasonable in the undergraduate courses.Conclusion:It is necessary and feasible to introduce the dental practice management course in undergraduate education of stomatology, which will have a certain guiding effect on the long-term development of dentists, and is also beneficial to the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship courses in medical universities.